In 2025, Thailand has resumed exploring the use of nuclear technologies as part of its long-term energy strategy — not through large-scale nuclear power plants, but through the adoption of small modular reactors (SMRs) and expanded use of isotopes in medicine and industry. This process is under strict oversight by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and includes active public engagement.
The initiative comes from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI) and the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), which operates the TRR-1/M1 research reactor in Nakhon Nayok since 1962.
What’s Planned for 2025–2030?
Thailand is not building traditional nuclear power plants but is considering:
- Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) (50–300 MW) for remote areas and EEC zones;
- Production of radiopharmaceuticals for cancer diagnosis and treatment (currently 80% imported);
- Isotope applications in agriculture, water supply, and industry.
The project is estimated at 12–15 billion THB and involves international partnerships with the US, South Korea, and Russia.
Safety & Ecology
Environmental groups, including Greenpeace Thailand and Living River Siam, express cautious concern:
- Risk of accidents, even at low power;
- Radioactive waste storage and disposal;
- Potential groundwater contamination.
In response, OAP and MHESI state that:
- SMRs will use passive safety systems (cooling without electricity);
- Waste will be stored in geologically stable repositories;
- All facilities will have real-time radiation sensors with live data streaming.
Public Consultations & Transparency
From 2024 to 2025, 18 public hearings were held in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Rayong, and Nakhon Nayok. Participants included:
- Scientists and engineers;
- NGOs and environmentalists;
- Local residents and business communities.
A digital platform "Thailand’s Nuclear Future" (nuclearthailand.mhesi.go.th) has been launched, publishing all studies, designs, and reports.
Alternatives & Energy Mix
Critics note Thailand’s strong growth in renewable energy:
- Solar power: 5.2 GW installed capacity (2024);
- Biomass and biogas: 3.8 GW;
- Goal: 50% green energy by 2030.
Experts emphasize: nuclear is not a replacement, but a complement to renewables, especially for stable power during peak hours.
Outlook 2025–2035
Expected:
- Completion of SMR feasibility study by 2026;
- Pilot medical isotope center in Bangkok (2027);
- First SMR license application to regulator (2029);
- International recognition of Thailand’s model of safe nuclear development.
"We’re not rushing — we’re learning," said OAP Director Dr. Somchai Sukwijit. "Our goal isn’t just energy — it’s safety, health, and a sustainable future."
Living in Thailand? My Thai Home helps you understand how technologies evolve, and the risks and opportunities of the energy transition. The future starts today — wisely, safely, together.
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